The Internet of Things (IoT) devices are expected to take over many of activities that are currently attended by humans: opening the house door or setting up Air Conditioner or like. Then the question arises in the mind that: what makes the Internet of Things human equivalent?. The answer is very simple: Sensors.
Sensors are the building blocks and essential ingredient of practically all IoT devices. These sensors built into IoT devices are capable of registering changes in the environments: temperatures, light, pressure, motion or sound.
- A sensor in a thermostat can notice variations in temperature in the environment and act accordingly
- A sensor in a illumination system can notice changes in the intensity of lights in a location and use it as a feedback to make changes if necessary
- A sensor fitted in the tyre of a vehicle is capable of noticing any change in the pressure and will inform the driver if pressure falls below required level
The sensors of an IoT device are part of device category called Microelectomechanical systems (MEMS). They are manufactured in much as same way microprocessors are manufactured, via a lithography process.
These sensors can be paired with an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This is a circuit with limited degree of programming capability and is hardwired to do something particular. It can also be paired with microprocessor and may be attached to a network ( wireless radio) for communication.
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